What are the main components in a boiler system?

With so many technological advancements over the years, there are now a number of different types of boilers from various brands, with their own designs and parts inside them. However, there are a few components that all boilers will have, which we will be exploring in this guide.

By understanding the basic boiler parts, it will make it easier if you have a problem with your system. You should never take the case off a boiler and try to fix it yourself. But if it has been checked by an engineer and you need a specific part. You will have a greater awareness of what you need and getting it at the best price from NBS. 

The main boiler components

There are a number of more detailed and intricate parts that go into most boilers which we will look at further into this article. For now, we want to cover the basics of a boiler system, the heat exchanger, combustion chamber, and burner. 

Heat exchanger 

The heat exchanger enables heat to be swapped between two substances within the boiler. Normally these are water and gas, without allowing them to mix together. A network of flues means water can be filtered around the combustion chamber and pressurises it. From here the pressurised water can be distributed to different areas in the house via pipes. Essentially, there will be hot gas and cold water at the start. But when it reaches the heat exchanger it changes to cooler gas and hot water. 

Combustion chamber 

The combustion chamber is typically made of cast iron as the temperatures within it can reach hundreds of degrees very quickly. It is the heart of the boiler, where the fuel and air are burned. Following the combustion process the heat is transferred to the heat exchanger for the surrounding water to be heated. 

Burner 

The burner is integral at the start of the heating process as it sends the signal from the thermostat to ignite the boiler. After this occurs, fuel will be sent to the boiler from an outside source via a filter mechanism (often a fuel tank). The nozzle on the burner then turns the fuel into a spray and creates a small flame or pilot light. Firing up the reaction in the combustion chamber. 

Storage tank (optional) 

Conventional gas boilers will often have a tank that can store water for long periods of time. Their precise sizes and diameters will be different depending on the size of the home it is in. Combi boilers don’t have storage tanks as water is heated on demand. So, it is sent to your taps, showers, and central heating as and when you need it. If you have a boiler with a storage tank, it’s important to check it occasionally for any potential leaks or other damage. By finding a small problem early you can prevent it from turning into a more serious issue further down the line.

Other important boiler parts

The above are the core elements that allow a boiler to function and heat up your house effectively. However, they aren’t the only important parts within the system. Below are some examples of other essential boiler components and their functions. 

Air pressure switches 

The purpose of the air pressure switch is to ensure that boiler works safely. It does this by making sure the fan gets rid of any waste gases through the flue before it allows the boiler to start up. 

Expansion vessels

The expansion vessel maintains a steady pressure in the system and works to stop any sudden changes in pressure from occurring. If the vessel doesn’t get enough air the pressure in the boiler will get too high. Equally if there is too much air, the system will end up with too much pressure. In both cases, water will leak from the relief valve. 

Boiler fan 

As you can probably guess based on the name, the fan in a boiler is designed to get rid of any toxic gases that are in your system. It works in tandem with the flue in order to remove the gases that have been released in the combustion chamber. The flue is the exit route, and the fan creates the draught needed to push the gases through it. 

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 

The PCB controls all the electrical components of your boiler. Sending signals and allowing them to communicate with one another. If you have a problem with your PCB, it can shut down the boiler system completely and display the relevant error code. If you find that your boiler isn’t turning on at all, it could be that a problem with the PCB is to blame. It is a common cause that an engineer will check. 

Conclusion

Hopefully this guide has helped you learn more about your boiler and the integral components within it. That allow it to fulfil its purpose of heating your home and providing you with hot water. If you have a problem with a boiler part and need a replacement, NBS can help. We sell high quality new and refurbished boiler parts at affordable prices for our customers. 

Recycling boiler spare parts is beneficial for the environment as well as being cost effective for homeowners who need long lasting, working boiler components and heating spares. Our online shop has a wide collection of parts from many different boiler brands. You’re sure to find exactly what you’re looking for from us. Explore our boiler parts today.